Odziwa ntchito zamaluwa pantchito yawo pamalowo amapeza zinthu zamtengo wapatali zokhudzana ndi kulima mbewu inayake. Malangizo osavuta amathandizira kukonza zokolola, kupeza zipatso zapamwamba kwambiri pakulawa ndi kuwonetsa. Kwa ambiri, funso lokonzekera uta kuti mubzale silimayambitsa mayanjano aliwonse. Ndipo wamaluwa okhaokha olemekezeka ndi omwe amamvetsetsa kuti tikulankhula izi zikuyenera kuthiridwa.
Pali njira zingati zosinthira masamba masika? Tilingalira zoyambira kwambiri - zomwe tingachite kuti mphukira ziwonekere mwachangu, chifukwa ndi momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito konse, momwe mungasamalire ndi kuthirira nyembazo kuti muteteze ntchentche kuchokera ku mphutsi, komanso ngati ndikofunikira kuchitira chithandizo ndi othandizira ngati Fitosporin musanafese.
Kodi ndiyenera kuthira anyezi ndisanadzalemo masika?
Kuviika sikofunika musanadzale mababu, makamaka ngati anyezi amalimidwa pamalonda.
Sikoyenera kutsegula nokha ndi kukonzekera kwazomwe mungagwiritse ntchito kubzala zinthu zabwino kwambiriZomwe zakula m'nthaka yathanzi ndikusungidwa bwino.
Popeza sevok imagulidwa makamaka pamisika yogulitsa, palibe amene angatsimikizire kuti ili ndi microflora yathanzi. Chifukwa chake, njira yoyenera yolowetseramo mbewu imathandiza kuteteza wamaluwa kuzinthu zosadabwitsa. Uku ndikusowa kwa zokolola, ndi kuvunda kwa anyezi, ndi kuipitsa nthaka ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Musanavutike, muyenera dulani anyezikulola yankho kudutsa pakati pa sikelo ndikupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Koma simuyenera kutengeka ndi mdulidwe, mutadula kwambiri, mpiru ikhoza kuvunda kapena kusatulutsa nthenga, mutha kutsukanso nyemba ku mankhusu akale.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zazing'ono, kubzala kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndi bwino kuteteza zokolola zanu zamtsogolo panthawi yogula.
Ndikofunika kupereka mafamu omwe amatsata ukadaulo wolima, amakolola nyengo yadzuwa, komanso amakhala ndi malo osungira. Izi zimathetsa kuwonongeka kapena kuwonongeka kwa katundu wa anyezi m'nyengo yozizira.
Sizingakhale zomveka kukonzekera anyezi pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otentha kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana ngati cholinga chokulira ndikupeza masamba.
Ubwino ndi zoyipa zakuya sevka
Pakati pa anthu okhala mchilimwe, mkangano wokhudza kukonzekera kukonzekera anyezi kuti mubzale pakuwukha sikutha. Aliyense ayenera kupanga chisankho payekha, ndipo mutha kutengera zabwino ndi zoyipa za njirayi.
Malinga ndi kusanthula kwazaka zambiri zakulima, zotsatirazi zadziwika ubwino njira:
- kuyambitsa kukula kwa amadyera ndi ma turnip;
- kupha tizilombo;
- kupewa kuvunda;
- kuteteza nthaka ku mabakiteriya omwe amatha kusamutsidwa ndi mbeu yodzala.
Zoyipa zakunyinyirika kukonzekera kosayenera kapena kuphwanya ulamuliro wa kutentha... Zinthu zobzala zitha kuwonongeka chifukwa chakucheka kosayenera kapena kusatsata kuchuluka kwake popanga yankho. Chifukwa chake, musanagwiritse ntchito njira imodzi, muyenera kuphunzira malangizowo.
Kodi ndi chiyani kuti zilowerere anyezi musanadzalemo
Kutengera yankho lomwe lagwiritsidwa ntchito, cholinga cha kusintha kwa mankhwala, njira zina ndizosiyanasiyana. Njira iliyonse ili ndi zabwino zake komanso mawonekedwe ake.
Musanakonze, zobzala ziyenera kusanjidwa. Muyenera kuchotsa anyezi wofewa, waulesi komanso wovunda.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mchere
Malo osambira amchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuphatikiza njira zina. Njira yosavuta komanso yotchuka yokonzekeretsa mbande kubzala imakhudza magawo awiri a kukonza: kugwiritsa ntchito saline ndi potaziyamu permanganate.
Anyezi amaviika koyamba kwa maola atatu kusamba kwa mchere, komwe kumakonzedwa motere: mu 2 malita a madzi chipwirikiti Supuni 2 thanthwe wamba (tebulo) mchere.
Njirayi imatsimikizira kukula kwa mbewuyo, kukula kwa mpiru, komanso kuteteza nthaka yankhanza. Mchere umachotsa anyezi ku nematode ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mu potaziyamu permanganate
Malo osambira a potaziyamu a permanganate amagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo poviika mchere kapena ngati chithandizo chachikulu cha mbande.
Mu chidebe chamadzi, muyenera kuchepetsa zonse 30-35 g wa potaziyamu permanganate, sakanizani bwinobwino mpaka makinawo atasungunuka. Pambuyo pake, tsitsani nyembazo mu chidebe ndikuzisiya kuti zikhazikike kwa maola angapo.
Njirayi ndi yothandiza chifukwa cha potaziyamu permanganate, yomwe imathana ndi mabakiteriya ambiri.
Soda yankho
Makhalidwe ambiri amatchedwa soda yomwe ilibe. Mwachitsanzo, pali lingaliro loti malo osambira a soda amathandiza kupewa anyezi kuwombera akakhwima. Izi sizowona, chifukwa kuponyera muvi makamaka kumadalira momwe amasungira uta m'nyengo yozizira. Soda sangakhudze njirayi ndikuitchinjiriza mwanjira iliyonse, ndipo idzawombera ikatha.
Koma ndi chithandizo cha kutentha, chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti muchite izi, musanadzalemo m'munda, mbande ziyenera kuthiridwa m'madzi otentha (osapitilira madigiri 45-50) ndikuwonjezera koloko pang'ono (10 l supuni). Ndondomeko iyi, yokhalitsa mphindi 10-15, imapereka mankhwala obayira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Momwe mungapangire mankhwala a birch tar
Pofuna kukonza mbande musanadzalemo, kukonzekera kwapadera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira ina ndi yachilengedwe - birch tar. Ali bwino amalimbana ndi tizirombo tambiri ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, makamaka ndi ntchentche ya anyezi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a birch kumawerengedwa kuti ndi koteteza chilengedwe komanso kotetezeka kuumoyo wa anthu komanso microflora yanthaka.
Kukonzekera kwa anyezi ndi phula kumakhala ndi izi:
- kuyanika mbande pa batri masana (kutentha madigiri 37-40);
- kuchotsa mankhusu kumtunda uliwonse;
- kudula nsonga;
- ndilowerere mu yankho kwa maola 2-4.
Yankho lakonzedwa mofanana: madzi okwanira 1 litre kutengedwa Supuni 1 phula. Kutentha kwamadzi kumakhala pakati pa 18-22 madigiri. Mukamachita izi, muyenera kusakaniza zomwe zili mu chidebecho nthawi 2-3 kuti mbeu imere.
Pofuna kuteteza nthangala kuti madzi akuyandama panthawi yonyowa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiibowole muukonde ndikuyikapo njerwa kapena cholemera china pamwamba. Koma simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolemera kwambiri, amatha kuphwanya anyezi.
Ndi chithandizo chiti chomwe mungachite kuti muteteze ku tizirombo
Ndikosavuta kupewa matenda aliwonse kuposa kuthana ndi mavuto omwe abwera chifukwa cha matenda aliwonse kapena tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
Choopseza chachikulu kwa anyezi ndi anyezi ntchentche... Mphutsi, mphutsi, atayikidwa pafupi ndi zomera, akhoza kuwononga mbewu yonse. Kukonzekera kubzala musanafese kudzakuthandizani kupewa zovuta zotere.
Komanso, masamba amathanso kukhudzidwa ndi tizirombo monga chimbalangondo, wireworm, Colorado kachilomboka kachilomboka.
Njira yosavuta komanso yotsimikizika ikuphatikiza kuthira mbande musanadzalemo mu phula. Muthanso kusankha mankhwala amisala iwiri yokhala ndi mchere komanso manganese.
Mwa mankhwala azitsamba, malo osambira ogwiritsa ntchito tsabola wofiira komanso sopo wochapa madzi... Kuchuluka: chidebe chamadzi, supuni ya sopo wamadzi, 30 gr. tsabola wofiira wouma. Kutalika kwa njirayi ndi maola 1-2.
Kuthirira ndi mayankho okonzedwa bwino kumathandizira kuthana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda. Mwa njira zothandiza:
- madzi amchere (10 malita a madzi + 3 tbsp. l.);
- kusakaniza fodya (3 malita a madzi otentha + 200 magalamu a fumbi la fodya), kukula kwa masiku awiri;
- dandelion kulowetsedwa (malita 10 a madzi otentha + 200 gr. masamba osweka), kusiya masiku 3-4;
- ammonia (2 tbsp. l.) Ndi madzi (10 l).
Muyenera kupopera nthaka mosamala kuti musavulaze chomeracho. Kukonzekera kuyenera kuchitidwa 1-2 nthawi pasabata... Ngati njirazi zakhala zopanda mphamvu, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera, mwachitsanzo Fitosporin.
Kukonzekera kuyenera kuchitika madzulo nyengo youma. Dzuwa limawononga mankhwala, ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yothandizira tizilombo.
Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mbewu chifukwa cha tizilombo tomwe tikulowa, tikulimbikitsidwa kutsatira malangizo awa:
- musanabzala, nthaka iyenera kulemetsedwa ndi manyowa ovunda kapena peat;
- kutsika, musagwiritse ntchito turnips yowonongeka ndi yowonongeka;
- malo okwerera ayenera kusinthidwa chaka chilichonse;
- pangani mabedi a anyezi pafupi ndi zokometsera komanso zitsamba zonunkhira bwino, kaloti;
- mutatha kukolola, m'pofunika kukumba pansi.
Njira iliyonse yothandizira kusankhidwa musanadzalemo, musaiwale za chisamaliro choyenera, chomwe zipatso ndi mtundu wa anyezi zimadaliranso. Kuthira ndi njira yothandizira pakulimbikitsa kukula mwachangu komanso kuwonongera. Sipadzakhala zokolola zabwino popanda kuthirira munthawi yake komanso kuyambitsa zakudya zowonjezera.