Strawberries ndi mabulosi otchuka kwambiri omwe amakonda achikulire ndi ana, ndichifukwa chake amapezeka kumadera aliwonse amunda. Koma asanadzalemo chikhalidwechi, ambiri okhala mchilimwe amakumana ndi zovuta kusankha zosiyanasiyana. Kuti musunge malo m'munda ndikupeza zokolola zochuluka momwe mungathere, muyenera kulabadira Elsanta strawberries. Munkhaniyi tikambirana za kufotokozedwa kwamitundu iyi ya Victoria.
Kufotokozera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya victoria elsanta
Ma strawberries a Elsanta anabadwira ku Holland mu 1981 powoloka Gorella ndi Holiday.
Kuyambira kuswana kwa mitundu iyi, yakhala mtundu wa zokolola ndipo mpaka pano ndiye chisonyezo chachikulu cha mtundu.
Tchire la mbewuyo limakula mpaka pakati, khalani ndi kufalikira kofooka. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti masharubu ochepa ndi ma rosettes amapangidwa pa iwo.
Ma strawberries a Elsanta ndi ang'onoang'ono, pafupifupi, m'modzi mwa iwo amalemera magalamu 45-50, onse amakhala ozungulira kapena ozungulira. Kunja, zipatso zotere zimakhala zofiira kwambiri komanso zonyezimira, mkati mwake zimakhala zofiira komanso zowutsa mudyo. Kukoma kwa sitiroberi kotere ndikokoma, pang'ono pang'ono. Chimodzi mwamaubwino akulu amtunduwu ndi kuchuluka kwawo, chifukwa amasungidwa nthawi yayitali kuposa mitundu ina, ndipo mayendedwe awo samabweretsa mavuto ambiri.
Kubala kwa Elsanta kumachitika pakatikati ndipo kumatenga nthawi yayitali, kotero kuti mpaka kilogalamu 1.5 ya zipatso imatha kukololedwa pachitsamba chimodzi. Zokolola zomwe zingatulutsidwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya zatsopano, kuzizira komanso kukonzekera mitundu ingapo yokonzekera.
Kutengera malamulo onse obzala mbewu, zipatso zoyamba zimatha kukolola nyengo yotsatira.
Kuti mupeze zokolola zapamwamba, kubzala kuyenera kukonzedwanso kamodzi pakatha zaka 3-4.
Izi sizilekerera kuzizira ndi chilala bwino. Popanda pogona, chomeracho chitha kufa ngati kutentha kutsika pansi -14 madigiri.
Kukula Kwachilengedwe
Poganizira kuti Elsanta adabadwira ku Europe, ndiye nyengo yotentha kapena yotentha imakhala malo abwino olimapo.
Zosiyanasiyanazi zitha kuzika mizu moyenera kumwera chakumwera kapena chapakati ku Russia, komwe chomeracho sichitha kutentha.
Komabe, ndibwino kukumbukira kuti chisanu choopsa kwambiri chitha kubwera pakati pa Russia, pomwe ma strawberries amayenera kubisika ndi kutetezedwa.
Ubwino ndi zovuta zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana:
- zipatso zazikulu kwambiri zokoma kwambiri;
- zokolola zambiri, chifukwa chake "Elsanta" ndiwotchuka kwambiri;
- zipatso zimalekerera mayendedwe bwino;
- alumali moyo wa strawberries otere kutentha ndi masiku atatu, ndipo ngati muyika zipatsozo mufiriji, zimasunganso zatsopano kwa masiku 5;
- shrub safuna kudyetsa pafupipafupi;
- Chomeracho sichiwopa matenda a tizilombo, malo a fungal ndi verticillosis.
Zoyipa:
- kukana kuzizira, komwe kumalepheretsa Elsanth kukula m'malo omwe nyengo yake ili yovuta;
- kudalira kuthirira kwanthawi zonse komanso kochuluka;
- zomwe zingayambitse matenda monga mizu yowola ndi powdery mildew.
Kudzala ndikuchoka
Kuti Elsanta apereke zokolola zambiri, m'pofunika kutsatira malamulo onse obzala mbewu. Mitundu ya sitiroberi imalimbikitsidwa kuti ibzalidwe m'dzinja, mu theka lachiwiri la September. Mukamabzala masika, pamakhala chiopsezo chopeza zipatso zazing'ono.
Ndikofunikanso kukonza mabedi, chifukwa dziko lapansi limakumbidwa mosamala, kupalidwa udzu, kuthyola ziphuphu ndikuthirira madzi ambiri.
Pambuyo pa tsiku, mutha kuyamba kupanga mabowo ndikubzala mbewu. Olima wamaluwa odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa kuyika strawberries m'njira yoti mtunda wa pakati pa mizereyo ndi 40 cm, ndipo pakati pa mabowo mzere umodzi ndi 25 sentimita.
Manyowa otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 1 mita mita imodzi ya dothi:
- 3 kilogalamu ya manyowa owola kapena kompositi;
- Magalamu 10 a potaziyamu mankhwala enaake;
- Magalamu 30 a superphosphate.
Ndi bwino kubzala strawberries mumvula, mvula.
Njira yobzala yokha ndiyosavuta, ndipo aliyense akhoza kuthana nayo. Choyamba, dziko lapansi limamasulidwa bwino, pambuyo pake amakumba maenje ozama masentimita 8-10 ndikuyika tchire pamenepo. Ntchito ikamatha, ma strawberries amathiriridwa ndikuthiridwa ndi peat, kompositi kapena humus.
Kusamalira Strawberry
Zosiyanasiyana sizilekerera chilala bwino, chifukwa chake lamulo lalikulu pakulima zipatsozi ndizokwanira komanso kuthirira kwakanthawi. M'mwezi woyamba mutabzala, njirayi imabwerezedwa tsiku lililonse, pambuyo pake kuchuluka kwamadzi kuthiriridwa pang'onopang'ono mpaka 1 nthawi pasabata. M'masiku otentha ndi owuma, Elsanthu amathiriridwa kamodzi masiku 4-5. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti 8-10 malita a madzi amawonjezeredwa pa 1 mita imodzi yobzala.
Tchire liyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa lotentha ndikupopera masamba ndi madzi otentha kwambiri.
Njira ina yofunikira kwambiri padzakhala kumasula kwakanthawi ndikuchotsa udzu, zomwe zimachitika kamodzi pamasabata awiri.
Olima wamaluwa odziwa zambiri samalimbikitsa kuthira feteleza wa sitiroberi, kupatula zaka zitatu za moyo, mbeu ikatha ndipo popanda thandizo lina, kuchuluka kwake ndi mtundu wa mbewuyo ungasinthe.
- Kumapeto kwa Seputembala, kumapeto kwa chipatso chachiwiri, tchire limadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wamtundu wambiri komanso wovuta;
- M'chaka, ikangogwa chisanu ndipo nyengo ikakhazikika, urea kapena feteleza wina wokhala ndi nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa strawberries.
Pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamchere, ndibwino kuthirira timipata kuti tipewe kuwonongeka kwa masamba a chomeracho.
Kukonzekera strawberries m'nyengo yozizira
Poganizira kuti Elsant "salola kuzizira, iyenera kukhala yokonzekera nyengo yozizira, chifukwa mitundu ingapo ya ntchito imachitika:
- Kudulira masamba;
- Kuchotsa magawo azomera omwe ali ndi matenda;
- Chithandizo cha tchire kuchokera kuzirombo zosiyanasiyana;
- Kumasula nthaka, pomwe kuli bwino kusiya namsongole m'malo mwake, chifukwa kuchotsedwa kwake kumatha kuwononga mizu ya sitiroberi, yomwe singakhale nayo nthawi yobwezeretsa chisanu choyamba;
- Kenako amachita kuthirira madzi ambiri ndikuthirira chomeracho ndi peat, singano, udzu wouma kapena masamba;
- Gawo lomaliza likhala kuphimba mwachindunji ma strawberries.
Pali malingaliro awiri okhudza kudulira Elsanta:
- Gulu limodzi lamaluwa limaganiza kuti ndibwino kusasokoneza zochitika zachilengedwe kapena kuchotsa masamba nthawi yachisanu isanafike. Izi ndichifukwa choti atha kukupatsirani malo ogonera impso;
- lingaliro lachiwiri ndiloti kudulira masamba kumalimbikitsa chomeracho bwino ndipo kumabereka bwino chaka chamawa.
Kuti musavulaze chomeracho pakudulira, ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti masamba ndi tinyanga tokha tomwe timayenera kuchotsedwa ndizoyenera kuchotsedwa, pomwe zimayambira siziyenera kukhazikika.
Amaphimba tchire ikadatha chisanu choyamba. Izi ndizofunikira kuti iwo alimbike ndi kupulumuka bwino chisanu cha dzinja. Nthambi za spruce, udzu, masamba owuma kapena zophimba zapadera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zofunda. Olima wamaluwa odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa kuti azikonda zinthu zachilengedwe, chifukwa mpweya umadutsamo, kupewa ma strawberries kuti asavunde ndi kuvunda.
Njira zoberekera
Popeza kuti Elubanta sitiroberi ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa, kufalitsa mbewu sikumagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, chifukwa pakadali pano pali mwayi wochepa wosunga mawonekedwe a chomera cha kholo.
Njira yobzala mbande kuchokera pa njere ili motere:
- Poyamba, mbewuzo zimatsukidwa ndikuumitsidwa bwino;
- Miyezi 2-3 musanadzalemo mbande pamalo otseguka, nyembazo zimayikidwa muzotengera, zokutidwa ndi dothi lochepa komanso zosungunuka bwino;
- Kusamalira kwina kudzakhala ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse komanso munthawi yake.
Kufalitsa masharubu kumangoyenera zomera zolimba komanso zathanzi. Pa chitsamba chilichonse, masharubu amphamvu kwambiri amasankhidwa ndikuwerama pansi, masharubu otsalawo ayenera kuchotsedwa. Ndikofunikira kusamalira mphukira ngati mmera. Zomera zimatha kugawanika sabata limodzi zisanachitike.
M'dzinja, wamkulu wazaka zitatu amakumbidwa pansi ndikugawika magawo angapo, gawo lililonse limayenera kukhala ndi mphukira yathanzi ndi masamba atatu.
Ndizoletsedwa kudulira ndi kusamalira mizu m'njira iliyonse.
Makhalidwe a fruiting
Zosiyanasiyana zimabweretsa zokolola zochuluka, zomwe zimadziwika osati kokha chifukwa cha kukoma kwake komanso mawonekedwe ake, komanso chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kwakukulu. Komanso, chomerachi chili ndi zina zambiri:
- Ma strawberries oyamba amitundu iyi amatha kulawa kale koyambirira kwa Juni, ndipo ngati mungasamalire bwino shrub, imatha kukusangalatsani ndi zipatso zokoma kwa masabata 3-4;
- Kuti mukhalebe osakanikirana ndi zipatso, muyenera kukhala ndi madzi okwanira, ndiye kuti, panthawi ya fruiting, nthaka pansi pa chitsamba imanyowetsedwa ikangouma pang'ono;
- Mbali inanso ndikuti kusowa kwa dzuwa, nsonga za zipatso sizimapsa ndikukhalabe zoyera.
Mitunduyi imatha kubzalidwa kutchire komanso mu wowonjezera kutentha, koma wamaluwa ambiri amati chomeracho chimabala zipatso zabwino kwambiri zitabisidwa.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Gawo lovuta kwambiri la chomeracho ndi mizu, yomwe imakonda kuvunda kapena bowa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosatheka kuzichotsa, ndipo njira yokhayo yotulukiramo ndikuchotsa shrub.
Mitundu yotsatirayi imagwira ntchito ngati njira zodzitetezera:
- kuchotsa kwakanthawi masamba akale;
- kukumba ndi kuwotcha zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa;
- kusunthira mbewu kumalo atsopano zaka 3-4 zilizonse;
- Kupalira nthawi zonse ndi kukulitsa;
- kugwa, pakukonzekera mbewu m'nyengo yozizira, dothi lozungulira ilo latsanulidwa ndi yankho la Brodsky madzi kapena emulsion yamkuwa.
Gawo la nthaka silimakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Elsanta strawberries ndi mtundu wa chikhalidwe cha mabulosi awa. Zikhotazo zimakhala ndi zabwino zambiri, ndipo kusamalira mbeu sikufuna khama.