Mabulosi akuda si mabulosi otchuka kwambiri ku Russia, samalimidwa kuno pamalonda, monga ku USA. Koma nthawi zambiri anthu okhala mchilimwe ku Russia amakhala ndi chidwi ndi chomera ichi, makamaka m'malo mwa raspberries yodziwika bwino. Mitundu ya zipatso iyi ndi ya banja limodzi - Rosaceae. Koma, mosiyana ndi wachibale wake, mabulosi akuda amadana kwambiri ndi matenda ndi tizirombo... Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti mabulosi safuna chisamaliro ndi chitetezo ku tizilombo konse. M'nkhaniyi, tiwona tizirombo tingati tomwe mungapeze pa mabulosi akuda, makamaka ntchentche, zifukwa zomwe zimachitikira komanso momwe mungathanirane nazo.
Nchifukwa chiyani tizirombo toyambitsa matenda timapezeka pa mabulosi akuda?
Mabulosi akuda amatha kulimbana ndi tizirombo pazifukwa izi:
- Mzere pakati pa kusiyanasiyana kwamitundu ya mabulosi akuda ndi raspberries ukuwonjezeka kwambiri. Mitundu yambiri yamakono mabulosi akutchire mu genotype awo ali ndi rasipiberi jini, ndipo mitundu iwiriyi nthawi zambiri imalimidwa moyandikana. Zonsezi zimabweretsa kutayika pang'ono kwa mabulosi achilengedwe olimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.
- Kupatula raspberries, Mabulosi akuda sayeneranso kubzalidwa pafupi ndi nkhalango zakutchire za strawberries, ananyamuka m'chiuno ndi maluwa... Mitengoyi imakhalanso ndi tizirombo tomwe timapezeka m'zomera zimenezi.
- Kawirikawiri, wamaluwa okha ndiwo amachititsa kufalitsa tizirombo pa kubzala mabulosi, kugula mbande osati m'minda yayikulu, koma kwa anthu osasintha, mwachitsanzo, kuzigulitsa pafupi ndi metro. Kapenanso njirayi imakhala yoyipa kwambiri mbeuyo ikagulidwa pamaulendo akunja. Chifukwa chiyani izi sizingachitike? Ngakhale atakupatsani zipatso zazikulu, sikoyenera kugula mitundu yomwe siyiyesedwe komanso yosasinthidwa kudera lanu... Chifukwa cha chomera chokayikitsa, mumakhala pachiwopsezo cha kuphulika kwa matenda osadziwika m'munda mwanu, kapena kufalitsa tizirombo m'gawo lanu.
- Kusowa chisamaliro choyenera cha mbewu... Kuti mabulosi akuda akhale athanzi ndikusangalatsani ndi zokolola zochuluka, amafunika kudyetsedwa, kuthiridwa mankhwala kuchokera ku tizilombo, komanso kutetezedwa ku namsongole.
Ngati simukufuna kuwononga zokolola zanu zakuda, ndi bwino kusamalira mbewu zanu ku tizirombo pasadakhale. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kudziwa yemwe muyenera kulimbana naye. Ndipo adani oyamba omwe mungakumane nawo ndi ntchentche zomwe zimauluka pamwamba pa tchire.
Ntchentche pa mabulosi akuda ndi zipatso: mitundu yawo ndi momwe angathanirane nayo
Pakati pa ntchentche zomwe sizimasamala ndi mabulosi akuda, mitundu yotsatirayi ya tizilombo tikhoza kusiyanitsidwa.
Rasipiberi tsinde ntchentche
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta imvi, tomwe kutalika kwake sikupitilira 5 mm. M'nyengo yozizira, ntchentche imabisala pamwamba panthaka, ndikusiya malo ake panthaŵi yomwe mphukira zazing'ono zakuda zimayamba kukula... Kummwera kwa Russia, izi zimachitika pakati mpaka kumapeto kwa Epulo, komanso pakati - pakati pa Meyi.
Kudziwa nthawi yomwe tizilombo timachoka, mutha kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala monga Actellik kapena Iskra. Ngati zingathe kuwonongeka kwambiri ndi tizilombo (mpaka 50%), mankhwala ndi omwe angakhale njira yokhayo yopulumutsira mbewuyo.
Ntchentcheyo ikachoka m'nthaka, imayamba kuberekana. Malo omwe amaikira mazira ndi ma sinus omwe ali kumtunda kwa masamba a mabulosi akutchire. Mphutsi imaswa kuchokera mu dzira, ndipo ndi iye amene amawononga kwambiri chomeracho, ndikudumphira ma helical zimayambira. Zotsatira zake, mphukira imayamba kufota, kuyambira pamwamba, kenako imada ndi kuwola limodzi ndi zipatso.
Chomera choterocho chimatha kupulumutsidwa pokhapokha podula mphukira zowonongeka. Pali njira ziwiri:
- Kudulira mphukira kwathunthu pansi... Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yomaliza pomwe mphutsi yafika kale kumapeto kwa mphukira. Mukadula malo owonongeka a mabulosi akuda motere, mudzataya gawo lalikulu la zokololazo.
- Mwamsanga nsonga ya mphukira itayamba kuzimiririka, ndipo masamba amasanduka akuda pa nsonga, nthawi yomweyo kudula nthambi pakati... Nthambi zomwe zadulidwa ziyenera kuwotchedwa kuti ziwononge mphutsi. Njirayi siyothandiza kuteteza zokololazo, komanso kuonjezera, chifukwa chodulira pang'ono.
Ndipo njira ina yowonongera ntchentche ya rasipiberi ndi m'dzinja kukumba nthaka pansi pa tchire... Izi zidzakuthandizani kuti muchepetse tizilombo mukakhala mopanda chitetezo, mutagona m'nyengo yozizira.
Rasipiberi amawombera ndulu midge
Dzina lina la kachilombo kameneka ndi udzudzu wa rasipiberi.... Zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira pa chomera, kufikira nthawi yomwe zawononga kale, chifukwa kukula kwake ndi 1.5-2 mm yokha.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tiikira mazira pansi pa khungwa la chomeracho, nthawi zambiri kumunsi kwa tsamba. Patatha sabata, mphutsi zimabadwira m'mazira, omwe amayamba kudyetsa mkatikati mwa mphukira... Kuchokera pa izi amayamba kuphimbidwa ndi mawanga abulauni, omwe amasintha nthawi yakuda. Ndipo pambuyo pake, khungwalo limasokonekera kwathunthu, limavumbula mphukira, ndipo imaphwanya. Izi zimachitika nthawi yakucha zipatso.
Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, njira zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Kuyeretsa kwaukhondo kumafunika mchaka ndi nthawi yophukira, yomwe imakhala ndikuchotsa chomeracho ku mphukira zodwala, zowonongeka ndi zipatso.
- Kuti muwononge tizilombo tikadali pansi, mutha kukumba nthaka pansi pa tchire mpaka 15 cm.
- Pofuna kuchepetsa tizilombo, mizu imatha kukulungidwa ndi peat wosanjikiza wa 8-10 mm.
- Mankhwala ochizira motsutsana ndi ndulu ya mphukira inachitika kuyambira pakati pa Epulo, mpaka tizilombo timakhala ndi nthawi yoti tichoke m'nthaka. Pachifukwa ichi, mphukira zimapopera, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa kumunsi wawo, komanso kuzungulira mozungulira. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo monga Calypso 480 KS, Karate, Iskra, Mospilan 20 SP, Arivo, Confidor amathandizanso.
Chifukwa cha kawopsedwe koopsa, simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zakale monga Karbofos, BI-58, Fufanon. Ngati mungaganize zogwiritsa ntchito, ndiye kuti mayankho ake sayenera kupitirira 0,75%.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti muchepetse tizilombo toononga, nthawi zonse yerekezerani zovuta zomwe zimadza chifukwa chakutha kwa mbeu ndi zomwe zingayambike chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pafupipafupi. Nthawi zina, ndikufalikira kwa tizilombo, ndikosavuta kubzala m'malo moziika pachiwopsezo cha poyizoni wamankhwala.
Olima minda ena polimbana ndi ndulu amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba:
- Kusintha mabulosi akuda ndi ufa wa mpirukuchepetsedwa m'madzi.
- Gwiritsani ntchito kupopera kulowetsedwa kwa tansy (350 g youma tansy pa 10 malita a madzi).
- Kudzala adyo ndi anyezi pansi pa tchire.
Njira zoterezi, sizingathandize ndi tizirombo tambiri, koma ngati anthu ake ndi ochepa, ndibwino kuti muziwayesa musanagwiritse ntchito chemistry. Komanso njirazi zikhala zabwino ngati njira zodzitetezera.
Rasipiberi mtedza
Ndi hymenoptera yaying'ono, kutalika kwake sikupitilira 3 mm. Akazi a Nutcracker panthawi yamabulosi akutchire amaikira mazira mphukira, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi, ziphuphu (zotupa mpaka 10 cm m'litali) zimapangidwa pamalo owonongera mphukira, mkati mwake muli mphutsi za ntchentche. Chifukwa cha ma galls, ming'alu imapangika mu khungwa, zomwe zimapangitsa mphukira kukhala zofooka komanso kulephera kubala zipatso. Popita nthawi, mphukira imatha kuuma kwathunthu.
Njira zothanirana ndi nutcracker:
- Nyengo ya maluwa akuda isanafike, tchire amapopera ndi Aktellik kapena Ambush.
- Chilichonse Mphukira ndi galls ziyenera kudulidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi kuwotcha.
- Mukamasamalira chomera, muyenera samalani kuti musanyalanyaze umphumphu wa khungwa pa nthambi. Ming'alu yamakungwa ndi malo omwe amakonda kwambiri mazira oyikira ntchentche.
Rasipiberi tsamba la sawfly
Imodzi mwa tizirombo zoopsa zakuda. Mu ntchentche, zazikazi zimaikira mazira ochuluka munthawi yazitali zazomera.... Mphutsi zikatuluka mwa iwo, masamba obiriwira amauma ndikufa. Mphutsi zimafikira kutalika kwa 14 mm, zimakhala zakuda pamwamba, zotuwa pansipa, zokutidwa ndi tsitsi. Amadyetsa masamba owawa a mabulosi akutchire kuyambira Meyi mpaka Okutobala. Masambawo nthawi zambiri amadyedwa, koma nthawi zina amangotsalira mafupa okhawo a tsambalo. M'miyezi yoyamba yachilimwe amakhala makamaka m'munsi mwa masamba., pamapeto pake akukwera mmwamba. Amabisala muma cocoons ofunda Pamaso pa dziko lapansi, pakati pa masamba omwe agwa.
Ngati chiwerengerochi ndi chachikulu, ndiye kuti mabulosi akutchire amatha kutaya theka la zida zake zamasamba, zomwe zimachepetsa kukolola mabulosi chaka chino. Kuphatikiza apo, Popanda masamba, chomeracho chimataya mwayi wopanga masamba ofananira bwinozofunika kukolola mtsogolo. Ndipo mphukira zowonongeka m'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri, zimaundana.
Njira zowongolera Sawfly:
- Kumasula nthaka pansi pa tchire.
- Kuphatikiza bwalo loyambira.
- Mawotchi kusonkhanitsa mphutsi, ngati minda yaying'ono.
- Kupopera mbewu nthawi yotentha ndi tizirombo tating'onoting'ono tosakhalitsa.
Ngakhale kudzichepetsa konse kwa mabulosi akuda, nthawi zonse pamakhala chiopsezo chotaya mbewu. Tsopano popeza mukudziwa tizirombo toyambitsa matendawa, onetsetsani kuti mwatenga nthawi kuti muteteze. Kuthetsa ntchentche pa mabulosi akutchire si kophweka, makamaka popeza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala sikungowononga tizilombo kokha, komanso kumachepetsa zipatso, komanso chitetezo chawo pakudya.