Mitundu yambiri ya kabichi "Belorusskaya" yakhala ndi mbiri yakale ndipo ikukhala odziwa zambiri. Kwa zaka zopitilira makumi asanu ndi awiri, olima minda ndi mabizinesi akuluakulu azolimo akhala akudalira mitundu iyi. Malingana ndi malongosoledwe, mitunduyo ili ndi zabwino zambiri.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a kabichi waku Belarusi
Mu 1937, Institute of Breeding idapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kabichi yoyera yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Mwamsangamsanga inalowa mndandanda wa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya zaulimi.
"Belorusskaya" imasiyana chifukwa nthawi yakusintha ndiyabwino oyenera madera ozizira... Pakulemera, mutu wa kabichi umakula mwamphamvu, kutentha kotsika kumakhala ndi phindu pamtundu.
Malingana ndi kufotokozera, izi ndizosachedwa mochedwa ndikumapsa. kuyambira masiku 110 mpaka 130... Kubzala zamitunduyi kumatha kuyamba ngakhale mu Juni, chifukwa ndikofunikira kukonza zokolola kumapeto kwa Seputembala - koyambirira kwa Okutobala.
Mitu ya kabichi ndi yozungulira, yosalala pang'ono, yolimba komanso yolimba. Akakhwima bwinobwino, amakafika 3 - 4 makilogalamu... Samang'amba, amalekerera chilala chanthawi yayitali, ngati sanavutike ndi chilala m'masabata awiri oyamba atabzala panthaka. Easy kunyamula.
M'miyezi ya chilimwe, ngati mutu wa kabichi udapotanitsidwa, sungadutse ndi matalala, chifukwa cha masamba akunja akunenepa.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Pazabwino zake, munthu amatha kusankha zazikuluzikulu chifukwa cha zomwe wamaluwa amasankha:
- Khalidwe labwino kwambiri kwa miyezi yopitilira 3;
- Kukoma kwamtundu uliwonse;
- Kuchulukitsitsa kwa mutu wa kabichi ndi chitsa chaching'ono;
- Mavitamini C okwanira;
- Makhalidwe abwino kwambiri mukakola;
- Ntchito.
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera m'masabata atatu oyamba, zokolola ndi kukana matenda zawonjezeka kwambiri.
Pali zovuta zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri chikhumbo cha oyamba kumene kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu iyi pachaka:
- Mosiyana ndi ma hybrids, zimakhazikika;
- Sachedwa bacteriosis yamitsempha;
- Zimakopa tizirombo, ngakhale ichi ndichizindikiro cha kabichi;
- Sankhani m'mwezi woyamba kuthirira, komanso mukamaika.
Kukula mbande
Palibe chifukwa chothamangira kubzala mbewu nthawi yake isanakwane. Nthawi yabwino ndi pakati pa Meyingati mukufuna kuigwiritsa ntchito popanga nayonso mphamvu kapena posungira.
Ngati mitundu iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokolola, ina imafesedwa koyambirira kwa Meyi, ndipo mu Seputembala ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mbewuyi posungira.
Mbeu za mmera safuna kukonzekera mwapadera ndikunyowa... Chinthu chachikulu ndikuteteza dothi kuti lisaume. Mbewu zimamera masiku 4-7 mwamtendere, ndikufikira kuunika mwachangu, onetsetsani kuti mbandezo zili pazenera lowala, kapena wowonjezera kutentha.
Pofesa mbewu, sankhani nthaka ya sod, musawonjezere nthaka yakuda. Kukhalapo kwa loam m'nthaka kumathandiza mbande.
Mutha kubzala zonse mu makapu osiyana komanso m'bokosi limodzi - mbande zimangobwezeretsedwanso mosavuta ndikathyoledwa ndikuphwanya pang'ono mizu.
Mukabzala mbewu, thirani nthaka ndi madzi ofunda, kuphimba ndi zojambulazo, ndikuzisiya mpaka mphukira zoyamba ziwonekere.
Kukula
Mbande, kuti ikule bwino, iyenera nthawi yochuluka padzuwa, nthaka sayenera kuuma... Ngati n'kotheka, masiku ofunda, tengani panja, kapena wowonjezera kutentha. Onetsetsani kuti mubweretse mnyumbamo usiku, chifukwa kutentha kumakhala koyenera kuti mukule bwino - kuyambira madigiri 18 pamwambapa, ndipo mu Meyi usiku kumakhala kozizira kwambiri.
Ndikofunika kubzala mbande pansi patatha mwezi umodzi, komanso pazaka mwezi umodzi ndi theka... Phesi liyenera kukhala lalifupi komanso lolimba, lolimba kuposa pensulo.
Sankhani dothi loamy, ndi malo pamalopo omwe aunikiridwa ndi dzuwa m'mawa. Izi ndizofunikira kwa kabichi. Adzapulumuka bwino pakakhala kulibe usana ndi dzuwa dzuwa, koma popanda dzuwa la m'mawa azidwala.
Ngakhale ichi ndi chomera chokonda chinyezi, osathyola mabedi m'zigwa, komanso, mabedi ayenera kukwezedwa - madzi apansi panthaka ndi owononga mizu.
Nthaka yolima
Pangani bedi kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera, kenako mphukira zidzalandira kuwala kokwanira kwa dzuwa. Ngati n'kotheka, fesani mpiru kumayambiriro kwa masika ndi kukumba nthaka pamodzi ndi mbande za mpiru musanadzalemo.
Pangani mabedi a kutalika kwapakatikati, kumbukirani kuti mabowo sayenera kukhala olingana, kapena pansi pamalire. Pakakhala mvula yotentha, motere, mizu siyinyowa, ndipo chinyezi chowonjezera chimapita m'malo opumira.
Ikani dothi lakuda (manyowa achaka chatha), supuni ya phulusa la nkhuni mu dzenje lililonse. Musachipitirire ndi feteleza, kabichi sinakonde nthaka yochuluka kwambiri, kotero sichitha kupiringa kwanthawi yayitali.
Kudzala mbande pansi
Okalamba Masiku 35 - 50, mbande ziyenera kubzalidwa pansi. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusankha tsiku lozizira, koposa zonse, masiku amvula, pomwe mbande zimapulumuka ndikudwala mosavuta.
Pangani mabowo patali 50 mpaka 50 cm... tsanulani dzenje lililonse ndi malita awiri amadzi, ikani humus ndi phulusa.
Ikani muzu umodzi pa dzenje lililonse, ikani nthaka pamwamba pazuwo, ndikudina mopepuka. Musayike nthaka yambiri, masamba oyamba otsalira pa tsinde ayenera kukhala pamwamba pa nthaka.
Dulani kachiwiri ndi madzi pang'ono. Ngati nyengo ili yotentha, m'pofunika kutchera mbande kwa masiku 3 - 4 oyamba. Masamba a kabichi atakwera, zotchinga ndi malo ogona ayenera kuchotsedwa.
Kusamalira mukatera
Mutabzala, kuthirira ndikofunikira tsiku lililonse... Madzulo, dzuwa litayandikira kulowa, dzuwa limodzi liyenera kutsanulidwa madzi muzu uliwonse.
Sabata yoyamba, palibe chifukwa chomasulira mizu, ndipo pakatha sabata, musanathirire, muyenera kumasula.
Kupalira nthawi zonse kumathandiza kupewa chinyezi chochuluka kuchokera namsongole, ndipo kumakuthandizani kuti muzindikire tizirombo nthawi yomweyo.
Lekani kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku milungu iwiri mutabzala. Ndikofunika kuti ziphukirazo ziume kwathunthu, ndikuziyimitsa kwa masiku angapo.
Zosowa samalani midges ndi mbozi... Midge ikayamba kuwonekera, perekani kabichi ndi madzi sopo ndikuwaza phulusa pamwamba.
Sulani sopo wochapa zovala mumtsuko wa madzi ofunda kuti madziwo akhale oyera komanso sopo. Dulani masamba ndi yankho ili, makamaka pakati - kulumikizana kwa masamba ndi cuttings, ndi nthaka mozungulira.
Makina akawoneka, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera. Kukonzekera kuyenera kuchitika nyengo yamtendere, makamaka madzulo, dzuwa litatsala pang'ono kulowa.
Matenda ndi kupewa kwawo
Mitunduyi imakonda kudwala matenda a keel kuposa mitundu yosakanizidwa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kubzala masika pamtunda watsopano, osabzala mbande komwe kabichi idakhala chaka chatha. Ngati mupeza muzu ndi keel, osaponyera mu manyowa, koma uwotche, kapena tulutsani ndi zinyalala.
Ndi bacteriosis ya mtima, zokolola ndi kulawa zimachepetsedwa kwambiri. Dzina lina la matendawa ndi Black Rot. Amadziwonetsera makamaka pakudetsa mitsempha.
Wowola zowola amapezeka pambuyo mtima bacteriosis, mutu wa kabichi, ngakhale kudula, ndipo anaika yosungirako mwamsanga kuvunda.
Pofuna kupewa bacteriosis, kasinthasintha wa mbewu ayenera kuwonedwa, namsongole ayenera kuchotsedwa munthawi yake, ndipo mawonekedwe a tizirombo tomwe timafalitsa matendawa tiyenera kuyang'aniridwa. Mitengo yowonongeka iyenera kuchotsedwa m'munda ndikuwonongeka.
Kukolola ndi kusunga
Kumapeto kwa Seputembala - koyambirira kwa Okutobala, zosiyanasiyana zakupsa kwathunthu.
Mukamakolola, musasiye chitsa chautali pamitu ya kabichi. Zokwanira 3 masentimita.ngati mitu ya kabichi imasungidwa. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani kwathunthu, ngakhale mitu ya kabichi mpaka 3 kg., popachikani mu chosungira ndi chitsa, ndipo onetsetsani kuti samera kapena kunyowa.
Mitu ya kabichi yodulidwa kuti izisankhidwe imatha kusiyidwa mchipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa 5 - 7 madigiri kwa mwezi umodzi kapena kupitilira apo, asanafike pickling ayamba.
Zosiyanasiyana ali connoisseurs, amene chaka chilichonse kusankha monga waukulu, ndi otsutsa. Mutawerengera zabwino zonse ndi zoyipa zake, mupanga chisankho choyenera pamunda wanu. Poganizira kuti pali mitundu yambiri yosakanizidwa yomwe yatsala, ndipo imayamba kufooka, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imachita bwino ngakhale m'malo ovuta, ndipo imapereka zokolola zabwino.