Tomato, monga masamba onse omwe amakula pakama pathu, amakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bowa ndi mabakiteriya. Chimodzi mwazofala kwambiri pakati pawo ndi vuto lakumapeto. Ngakhale idzabweretsa mavuto ambiri ku tomato, ndizotheka kulimbana nayo ndikuigonjetsa.
Njira zothetsera vuto lakumapeto kwa tomato
Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto lakumapeto, anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
Mankhwala ochiritsira ndi chitetezo
Mankhwala wamba ndi awa:
- Mankhwala Trichopol... Mapiritsi 10 a wothandizirayo amasungunuka mu malita 10 a madzi ndikupopera ndi tchire. Kukonzekera koyamba kumachitika tomato akakhala pagawo la ovary, kenako ndondomekoyi imabwerezedwa kawiri pamwezi.
- Ayodini... Ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo. Chifukwa chake, wamaluwa amakonda kukonzekera yankho la mkaka-ayodini, lomwe lingakuthandizeni kuti muchotse choipitsa mochedwa. Kuti mukonzekere, tengani madzi okwanira malita 10, lita imodzi ya mkaka ndi madontho 20 a ayodini.
- Zelenka... Sungunulani madontho 40 a wothandizirayu m'madzi ndikupopera nawo tomato.
- Potaziyamu permanganate solution... Izi ndizabwino kwambiri kwa antiseptic. Amayikidwa m'thumba la gauze ndikumizidwa mu njirayi kwa mphindi 40. Pambuyo pake, imatsukidwa ndi madzi ndikuuma bwino.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
Njira zowerengera anthu ndizo:
- Kulowetsedwa kwa adyo... Kuti mukonzekere, tengani 200 g wa adyo wodulidwa ndikusungunuka mu kapu yamadzi ofunda. Pambuyo maola 24, chinthucho chimasefedwa ndikutsanulira malita 10 amadzi, ndikuwonjezera potaziyamu ya gramu ya potazi. Kuti mupeze chithandizo, muyenera kuwaza tomato.
- Njira yothetsera mkaka kapena whey... Zina mwazinthu izi zamkaka zimasungunuka ndi madzi mu 1: 1 ratio ndipo, kuyambira mu Julayi, tchire la phwetekere limapopera mankhwala nthawi zonse.
- Njira yothetsera mchere... Ayenera kukonza ndi kuteteza tomato wobiriwira. Chida chotere chimapanga mtundu wa kanema womwe ungapewe kulowa kwa matenda. Pokonzekera, kapu yamchere imasungunuka mu malita 10 a madzi.
Kukonzekera pang'onopang'ono kwa tomato kuchokera ku choipitsa chakumapeto
Ponena za kubzala mu wowonjezera kutentha, tomato ayenera kubzalidwa mosiyanasiyana ndi nkhaka.
Nthaka mu wowonjezera kutentha ndiyofunikira kugwa Sanjani mankhwala ndi mkuwa sulphate... Ngati mbewuzo zili ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa, ndiye kuti wowonjezera kutentha, nthaka iyenera kuchotsedwa ndi makulidwe pafupifupi 5 cm.
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti kutuluka kwamadzi kumachitika mu wowonjezera kutentha komanso mphepo yamkuntho imakhalapo, ndipo izi zimathandizira pakukula kwa mabakiteriya. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha pafupipafupi kuteteza mbeu ku matenda.
Kusamalira panja
Ndikofunika kubzala mbewu mopambanitsa kuti pasakhale matenda ofulumira ndi vuto lakumapeto. Koma ngati mulibe malo ochulukirapo wowonjezera kutentha, ndiye kuti phwetekere ayenera dulani masamba akale, chifukwa ndiwo malo okondedwa a matendawa.
Pofuna kupewa kubuka kwa choipitsa cham'mbuyo, ndikofunikira, choyamba, kutsatira malamulo othirira. Palibe chifukwa chotsanulira madzi pamasamba. Ndikofunika kuthirira mbewu pazu.
Ngati zakhala zikuchitika kuti tomato sakanatha kulimbana ndi matendawa, ndiye kuti kukonza kuti awapulumutse kuyenera kuchitika pokhapokha kunalibe mvula tsiku limodzi... Tomato amayenera kupopera madzulo kapena mitambo kapena kouma.
Kusamalira mmera
Ndikofunika kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mbande za phwetekere musanazibzala panthaka. Kuti muchite izi, chitani izi:
- musanadzalemo, mbewu zimachiritsidwa 5% Yankho lamadzi la Bordeaux;
- patatha theka la mwezi ndi arcerid;
- patatha theka la mwezi wokhala ndi maziko;
- zitatha izi, mankhwala awiri omaliza amasinthidwa.
Njira yabwino yothanirana ndi vuto lakumapeto
Zothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi vuto lakumapeto ndi:
- Ridomil golide... Imateteza kunja kwa tomato ndipo imalepheretsa bowa kulowa m'matumba. Kuti mukonzekere yankho ili, muyenera kutenga magalamu 10 a mankhwalawo ndikuwachepetsa m'malita 4 amadzi. Amayamba kukonza mbewu nawo nthawi yokula, ndikubwereza theka lililonse la mwezi.
- Thanos... Mankhwalawa ali ndi maubwino ambiri, chifukwa amalimbana ndi kutsuka ndipo amathandizira kupha bowa. Pokonzekera, tengani 12 g pa 10 malita. Kupopera mbewu kumachitika chimodzimodzi ndi Ramidol Gold.
- Kubwereza... Iyenso imagonjetsedwa ndi mvula ndipo imachiritsa. Sakanizani 6 ml m'malita 5 amadzi ndikupopera mbewu kuyambira nthawi yokula. Processing imachitika katatu pamasabata awiri alionse.
Kodi kupewa kumachitika bwanji wowonjezera kutentha
Zachidziwikire, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi matenda ena, ndikosavuta kupewa kuposa kulimbana kosatha ndi vuto lakumapeto.
Njira zazikulu zodzitetezera ndi izi:
- Pewani malo oyandikana nawo tomato ndi mbatata.
- Simuyenera kubzala masambawa m'malo omwewo kwa zaka zingapo motsatizana.
- Komanso, musabzale tomato pamalo pomwe pomwe mabilinganya, tsabola ndi mbatata zimamera.
- Musamwetse tomato nthawi zambiri komanso mochuluka.
- Zofunikira kofunikira chotsani masamba apansi phwetekere kuti agwire nthaka pang'ono momwe angathere.
- Sulani namsongole pamene amasunga chinyezi.
- Nthaka sayenera kudzazidwa ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni.
- Nthaka ikasunga chinyezi kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikofunikira kuti udzu udulitsidwe.
- Mukatha kukolola, musasiye nsonga za dzinja m'munda, ziyenera kuwotchedwa.
Matendawa amawonekera bwanji
Sikovuta konse kupeza zizindikilo zakuchedwa kwa tomato:
- mawanga amawonekera pansi, pambuyo pake masamba amasanduka bulauni ndi kugwa;
- mphukira za chomeracho ndi zipatso zake nazonso zimasanduka zakuda;
- poyamba ndiwo zamasamba zimakhala zovuta, kenako zimakhala zofewa ndi zofewa mpaka zitayamba kuvunda. Kotero zipatso zonse zikhoza kutayika.
Nthawi yokonzekera koyamba
Nthawi yoyamba tomato amasinthidwa masiku 1 kapena 2 asanadzalemo mbande pamalo otseguka.
Mukabzala, mbewuzo zimapopera kachiwiri pakatha masiku 12.
Kodi ndizotheka kutenga nthangala za tomato wodwala
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ma oospores amafa ndi 50-degree kutentha, chifukwa mukasunga mbewu pafupifupi 2 hours pa kutentha, iwo adzakhala mankhwala.
Kumbukirani kuti kubzala ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa pafupifupi zaka 3 zapitazo... Munthawi imeneyi, ma virus onse amwalira, ndipo mudzalandira zinthu zoyera.
Zoyenera kukulitsa matendawa
Tomato amatenga kachilomboka mosavuta. kuchokera ku mbatata, komanso pali zikhalidwe zambiri pakukula kwa matendawa.
Ambiri mwa iwo ndi awa:
- kusefukira kwamvula komwe kumatha pafupifupi masiku atatu;
- kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha usana ndi usiku ndi kusiyana kwa madigiri 8 mpaka 12;
- mame omwe amapezeka pakusintha kotentha;
- chifunga;
- kusowa kwa dzuwa ndi kutentha;
- chomera chokhuthala;
- nayitrogeni owonjezera.
Phytophthora samera nyengo youma.
Momwe mungalimire nthaka mutadwala
M'chaka, musanadzalemo, nkofunikira kusamalira nthaka kuchokera kumapeto koipitsa. Pachifukwa ichi amatenga 3% mkuwa sulphate ndi kutsanulira pansi.
Ndiye muyenera kumasula nthaka. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito chida chapadera chomwe chingakuthandizeni kusakaniza chivundikirocho pamwamba pakakulidwe ka masentimita 25. Mwa ichi, m'modzi mwa othandizira abwino adzakhala Tornado. Ili ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka ndipo ndiyothandiza komanso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
Ndipo gawo lomaliza ndikuthirira nthaka phytosporin... Kuti tichite zimenezi, 1 tbsp. ndalamazo zimasungunuka mu malita 10 a madzi. Mlingowu amawerengedwa 1 sq.m.
Onetsetsani kuti mukukumbukira kuti zinthu zomwe zili ndi mkuwa zimatha kulowa mchakudya, chifukwa chake ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa masika.
Kodi ndizotheka kudya zipatso zodwala
Musaope kudya tomato wokhudzidwa ndi choipitsa mochedwa. Matendawa safalikira kwa anthu. Komabe, mawanga akuda amawononga mawonekedwe a tomato, ndipo sizosangalatsa kudya.
Ponena za kusungidwa, sikoyenera kuphimba tomato awa.
Acidity yawo imatha kuchuluka, ndipo tizilombo tambiri tambiri tidzawonjezeka, chifukwa chake kukoma kwa tomato kudzawonongeka kwathunthu.
Mitundu yolimbana ndi matenda
Mitengo yotsutsana ndi mdima usanachitike ndi awa: Brother's Gift, De-Barao, Vilina, Lyana, Roton.
Monga mukuwonera, kuthana ndi vuto lakachedwa ndikosavuta. Muyenera kusankha chida chomwe mumakonda kuti mugwire ntchito. Komabe, muyeneranso kutsatira mlingowo, chifukwa kupitirira zomwezo kumawononga tomato iwowo.