Nyemba ndi imodzi mwa masamba khumi othandiza kwambiri, chifukwa chake posankha mbewu zoti mulimire m'munda mwanu, nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi malo. Kuti nthawi ndi ndalama zomwe mwagwiritsa ntchito mulandire zokolola zochuluka, ndikofunikira kuti muzidziwe nokha malamulo oyambira aukadaulo waulimi, kubzala ndikusamalira kulima kumunda.
Nthawi yobzala nyemba panja
Kubzala nyemba kumakonzedwa Mulole mwezi. Muyenera kuyang'ana nyengo ndi nyengo yolondola m'nthaka, yomwe imawonetsedwa ndi zizindikilo Madigiri 12-15 (akuya mpaka 10 cm). Malinga ndi kalendala yotchuka, nthawi imeneyi imagwirizana ndi maluwa a mabokosi.
Mitundu yolondola imayenera kubzalidwa koyamba, ndipo pakatha sabata mutha kuyamba kukwera mitundu. Akukonzekera kudzala nyemba zamtchire kumayambiriro kwa Julayi... Izi zitha kuchitika pamabedi pomwe zokolola zamasamba okhwima adakolola kale.
Olima wamaluwa odziwa ntchito amachita kubzala magawo angapo: kuyambira pakati pa Meyi mpaka koyambirira kwa Julayi ndi masiku osachepera 10.
Kuti mufulumizitse kukolola, tikulimbikitsidwa kuphimba nthaka pasadakhale ndi zokutira pulasitiki kuti zizimilira. Mukabzala mbewu, tsekani bedi lam'munda mpaka kutentha kwa usiku kuli osachepera madigiri 12.
Kodi nyemba zimaopa chisanu
Nyemba ndi chikhalidwe cha thermophilic, chifukwa chake kubzala kumachitika bwino masika mu theka lachiwiri la Meyipamene chiwopsezo cha chisanu chatha. Mphukira zazing'ono zimaopa ngakhale mphepo yozizira, ndichifukwa chake wamaluwa ambiri amapeza malo ake pansi pa mitengo ya apulo kapena mpandawo.
Kutentha kochepa komwe kumamera nyemba kumatha kupyola sikupitilira malire -3-4 madigiri... Ngati chisanu sichikhala kwakanthawi, nyemba zimapulumuka, koma kukula kwawo kumachedwetsedwa ndikupereka zipatso kumachepa.
Agrotextile kapena kanema, yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga, athandizira kusintha zinthu pogona pang'ono.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yobzala
Zosiyanasiyana zimasokoneza kusankha. Ngati pali zovuta pakudziwitsa kuchuluka kwake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisankhe mitundu yotsimikizika yomwe imasinthidwa nyengo ndi nyengo.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri kudera la Moscow, Ukraine ndi Belarus
Moscow White Green Pod 556
Bzalani m'ma oyambirira Nthawi yakucha, kuyambira kufesa mpaka nthawi yokolola Masiku 100... Chitsamba chimapangidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 25 okha, zipatsozo zimakhala ndi zikopa, koma zowonda kwambiri. Chikhalidwe ndichodzichepetsa, chimagonjetsedwa ndi chinyezi komanso chilala.
Nomad
Zosiyanasiyana m'ma oyambirira kucha. Bob woboola dzira ndimtundu wa ocher ndi utoto wotuwa. Zipatsozi zilibe zikopa ndi ulusi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyumbayo ikhale yosalala komanso yofewa. Chomeracho chimalekerera anthracnose, imvi zowola.
Za Ural ndi njira yapakatikati
Oran
Iye R - kukhwima msanga nyemba za njere ndi nthawi yakupsa Masiku 80-90, akulimbikitsidwa kudzala m'nyumba ya midzi m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia. Kutalika kwa tchire kumakhala masentimita 35 mpaka 56, zipatsozo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kwambiri.
Zokolola kuchokera ku 1 m2 mkati mwa 200 magalamu.
Pinki
Kukolola kumayambira Masiku 65-85 mbeu ikamera. Chitsamba chokwera chimafika kutalika mpaka 3 m, chifukwa chake chimafunikira kuthandizidwa.
Nyemba zofiira zapinki zilibe zikopa ndi ulusi, zomwe zimawapatsa mawonekedwe osakhwima. Zipatso zimasonyeza mizere yofiirira komanso mikwingwirima. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuli ponseponse, mwa mtundu uliwonse nyemba zimasungabe kukoma kwawo kwapadera.
Za Siberia
Wopambana
Chikhalidwe ndi chosiyana zokolola zambiri ndi mikhalidwe yazakudya za chipatso. Kutalika kwa nyembazo ndi pafupifupi 30 cm, nyemba ndizazikulu. Kutentha kozizira komanso chitetezo champhamvu chimathandiza kulima ndikukula chomera ku Siberia.
Mbali: mikanda yokhala ndi maluwa ofiira owoneka bwino amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tchinga chokongoletsera.
Mfumu yamafuta
Nyemba zamtundu wa nyemba ndi nthawi yakucha Miyezi 1.5... Wosakhwima ndi kukoma kukoma kwa zipatso tubular sadzasiya aliyense gourmet. Kutalika kwa gawo la nyemba ndi pafupifupi masentimita 25. Mbewuyo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ponseponse: kukolola kouma, kuzizira, kumalongeza.
Kubzala malamulo ndi njira zaulimi zokulira panja
Kukonzekera mbewu
Kuti mupeze mphukira zachangu ndikuteteza timitengo tating'ono kumatenda, nyembazo ziyenera kukonzekera asanadzalemo.
Choyamba konzekerani mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate kwa mphindi pafupifupi 20. Pambuyo pa njirayi, nyemba zimatsukidwa ndi madzi oyera ndipo zimafunikiranso kuthiramo kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa la nkhuni Kwa maola awiri.
Usiku usanadzafese, nyemba za nsawawa zimakulungidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa pokolola kuti ziphukire kunyumba. Ndipo mphindi 5 musanafese m'nthaka, zimathiridwa mu yankho la boric acid. Izi ziteteza chomeracho ku matenda ndi tizirombo.
Kukonzekera nthaka ndikusankha malo obzala
Podzala mbewu, malo owala bwino, koma popanda drafts ndi mphepo yamphamvu, kubzala kudzera mmera sikugwiritsidwe ntchito. Mtundu wa dothi sutenga gawo lalikulu, koma alimi odziwa ntchito zamaluwa awona kuti nyemba zimakula koposa zonse, zimatha kumera ndikumabala zipatso mopepuka panthaka yadongo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chinyezi chochepa, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mbeu ndi mizu zivunde.
Mwambiri, njira yokonzekera mapangidwe amunda imakhala mu kukumba nthaka mpaka kuya kwa fosholo bayonet... Nthawi yomweyo, feteleza amayambitsidwa: 4 kg ya humus kapena kompositi imawonjezedwa pa 1 m2, 2 tbsp. l. ufa wa dolomite, 1 tbsp. ammonium nitrate ndi 2 tbsp. superphosphate.
Njira ina yolemeretsa nthaka ndi michere ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ½ kompositi (humus), 30 gr. superphosphate, 20 gr. phulusa la nkhuni pa 1 m2.
Podziwa malo obzala nyemba, mbewu zomwe zidalima nyengo yathayi zimaganiziridwa.
Omwe adalipo kale ndi awa: mbatata, kaloti, tomato, nkhaka, tsabola, biringanya.
Chiwembu chodzala ndi kuya
Chikhalidwe cha shrub chimabzalidwa molingana ndi chiwembu:
- Kuzama kosungira mbewu - penapake 5-6 masentimita;
- mtunda pakati pa mabowo mzere - 20-25 masentimita;
- modutsa - 40 cm.
Mitundu yamakhola imabzalidwa mosiyanako:
- Kuzama kwa mbewu - 5-6 masentimita;
- Kusiyana pakati pa mabowo mzere - 25-30 masentimita;
- modutsa - 45-50 masentimita.
Mbeu 5-6 zimizidwa mu phando lililonse. Pambuyo popanga mbande, tsamba limodzi panthawi, mbande zitatu zokha ziyenera kutsalira, zotsalazo ziyenera kuchotsedwa kapena kuziika mosamala.
Malinga ndi kalendala yoyang'anira mwezi ya 2018 kubzala nyemba ndikulimbikitsidwa:
- Marichi - masiku 20-23;
- Epulo - 6-9, 19, 20, 23-26;
- Meyi - 7-10, 19-24;
- Juni - manambala 4-7.
Kunyamuka atatsika
Nyemba zopanda ulemu sizifunikira chidwi chenicheni, koma zimafunikiranso malamulo oyambira aukadaulo waulimi.
Kumera nyemba za nyemba
Nyemba za nyemba zimayamba kuphukira pambuyo pake Masiku 7-10 atatsika... Ngati kutentha kwa mpweya ndi nthaka kuli pansi pamiyeso yovomerezeka, mphukira zoyamba zimera patatha masiku 5-7.
Njira yakumera imatha kuthamangitsidwa ngati nyembazo zaviika pakulimbikitsa kwakukula nyumba. Kuphimba mabedi ndi kanema kumathandizanso pa izi.
Mphukira zazing'ono ziyenera kukhala zolakwika kuti ziwapatse bata.
Kuthirira malamulo ndi zikhalidwe
Chomeracho chimakonda madzi, chifukwa chake simuyenera kuphwanya njira yothirira. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kunyowetsa nthaka panthawi yopanga nyemba.
Mulingo wamadzi pachitsamba chimatsimikizika ndi diso, njira zimachitika Kamodzi pamlungu, chachikulu sichakuti dothi liume. Madzi abwino kwambiri othirira ndi mvula. Odziwa ntchito zamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito madzi okhazikika, omwe kutentha kwake kumakhala osachepera 18 madigiri.
Zovala zapamwamba zotani m'munda
Chikhalidwe chimamvera feteleza. Mukakonzekera nthaka yobzala, muyenera kupanga osachepera 3 mavalidwe.
Njira yoyamba imachitika masabata 3-4 mutatha kumera. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wovuta wokhala ndi nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous. Superphosphate ndiyeneranso pamlingo wa magalamu 30-40 pa 1 m2.
Pambuyo pa masabata atatu, muyenera kudyetsa kachiwiri, izi ndizofunikira pakupanga zipatso (10-15 magalamu a mchere wa potaziyamu pa 1 m2). Kachitatu zakudya zimaperekedwa pambuyo pa masabata atatu.
Simuyenera kuchita mopitilira feteleza, mutha kuyambitsa kukula kwa nsonga ndikuchepetsa ovary of pods.
Tizirombo ndi kupewa
Nyemba ndi imodzi mwa mbewu zochepa zomwe tizirombo sichiukira... Ma slugs okha ndi omwe amatha kuwonekera.
Kulowa kwawo kumatha kupewedwa ndi kupalira kwakanthawi, chifukwa namsongole amakula ndikupanga malo okhala tiziromboti. Ngati ma slugs apezeka, mutha kutchera misampha ingapo, yomwe nthawi ndi nthawi muyenera kuchotsa tizilombo kuti tipewe.
Nthawi yoyenera yokolola m'minda kapena m'munda
Nthawi yokolola zimadalira mitundu ndi mitundu chikhalidwe. Nyemba za katsitsumzukwa siziyenera kuwonetsedwa kwambiri pamabedi, chifukwa mankhwala amataya phindu louma.
Ngati mukufuna kusunga nyemba, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso zosapsa. Koma pokonzekera nyengo yozizira, ndibwino kudikirira nyembazo kuti ziume. Chinthu chachikulu sikuchedwa, kuti musatenge nyemba panthaka pambuyo pake.
Simuyenera kubudula nyemba zonse nthawi imodzi tsiku lomwelo ngati pali zowuma komanso zobiriwira pakati pawo. Mumthunzi wa nsonga zake, thumba losunga mazira ena akhoza kukhala ofooka, ndi bwino kuwasiya kuti apse.
Kuti muchotse nyemba msanga "m'nyumba" zawo sikofunikira kuti muthe kuziyika pamanja. Ndodo idzagwira ntchitoyi, mutha kugogoda zokolola.
Kuti muchite izi, nyemba zouma zokha zimayikidwa pogona, pomwe muyenera kuyenda ndi chida chosavuta poyeserera. Zimangotsala kuchotsa gawo louma la nyemba. Nyemba zosankhidwazo zikuumitsidwa ndipo pokhapokha zitasankhidwa zimatumizidwa kuti zisungidwe.
Ukadaulo waulimi wa nyemba ndi wosavuta, ngakhale wolima dimba woyambira angabzale ndikukula m'boma la Moscow, ku Ukraine, ku Urals kapena ku Belarus. Pogwira njira zonse munthawi yake, kukonzekera nyengo yozizira kumaperekedwa ndi chinthu chopatsa thanzi komanso chopatsa thanzi, chomwe chimasiyanitsanso menyu.